Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in controlling the progression of lung cancer, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer.
A novel vascular-targeting peptide for gastric cancer delivers low-dose TNFα to normalize the blood vessels and improve the anti-cancer efficiency of 5-fluorouracil.
High expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 promotes tumor metastasis and is associated with unfavorable prognosis in gastric cancer.
However, subtype-specific associations were observed for gastric cardia adenocarcinomas at MUC1/TRIM46/1q22 rs2070803 [HRAA versus GA+GG = 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24-3.78; P = 0.0068] and LTA/TNF/6p21.33 rs1799724 (HRTT+CT versus CC = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.07-1.57; P = 0.0077), and for diffuse-type GC at PSCA/8q24.3 rs2294008 (HRTT versus CT+CC = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.33-2.97; P = 7.8E-04).
However, the frequencies of individual haplotypes C and D, which had opposite alleles at -1031, -863, and -857, showed statistically significant differences between the gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer (P=0.005 and P=0.02, respectively), suggesting that the TNF/LTA genotypes might play an opposite role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer.
In the subgroup analysis, we found that TNF-α-238G/A polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of GC amongst Asians, especially in Chinese, but not in Caucasians.
Large meta-analyses confirmed the association between IL8, IL10, TNF-b, TP53 and PSCA, while genetic variation at different genes such as XPG, PLCE1, HFE, ERCC5, EZH2, DOC2, CYP19A1, ALDH2, and CDH1 have been reported to be associated with GC risk.