As potential independent risk factors for MPM patients, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed CD70 expression on mesothelioma cells [hazard ratio (HR) 2.25; p = 0.010], higher FOXP3<sup>+</sup> TILs (HR 2.81; p = 0.004), and higher CD3<sup>+</sup> TIL accumulation (HR 6.12; p < 0.001).