Detailed quantitative PCR analyses of the most up- and downregulated miRNAs of active human MS lesions in dissected lesions from marmoset EAE brains and inflamed spinal cords of EAE mice revealed that the conserved and highly regulated miRNAs, miRNA-155, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-146a, miRNA-146b and miRNA-21, turned out to be similarly upregulated in marmoset and mouse EAE lesions.