ATP‑binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter proteins have been reported to be closely associated with MDR in leukemia; however, the correlation between ABC proteins and the progression of MM remains unclear.
Many nanoparticle delivery systems have been studied for myeloma using non-targeted NPs (liposomes, polymeric NPs, and inorganic NPs), triggered NPs, as well as targeted NPs (VLA-4, ABC drug transporters, bone microenvironment targeting).