A significant association was found for the IL-1β +3953 T allele [OR=1.43, 95% CI (1.14-1.79), P value=0.002, Pc=0.01] and for IL-1β +3953 T/T genotype and MS risk [OR=1.92, 95% CI (1.25-2.96), P value=0.005, Pc=0.01].
Common variants in the IL-1 region are not associated with MS risk but our data suggest that the IL-1ra VNTR polymorphism might be associated with bout-onset MS subtype.
We studied the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene polymorphism and the HLA-DR and DQ allele frequencies by DNA-based methods in both the primary chronic progressive form (PP MS) and the relapsing/remitting form (R/R MS).
Our findings support the existence of a causative variant for MS within this candidate region in a representative Italian Caucasian population and, in particular, the role of the IL-1 beta (-511 C/T) variant warrants further investigation.
In data-sets derived from the Finnish population we found no evidence for contribution of the T-cell receptor beta chain (TCR beta chromosome 7q35), immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH chromosome 14q32), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma chromosome 12q14-q15) or interleukin-1 receptor antagonist/interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ra/IL-1 beta chromosome 2q14-q21) loci in the genetic susceptibility to MS.
On the other hands, gain-of-function variants in NLRP3 (Q705K) and IL1B (-511 C >T) associated with severity and progression of MS, suggesting that a constitutive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome could represent a risk factor for MS clinical presentation.
The IL-1 super-family of cytokines and receptors is highly pleiotropic and plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several auto-inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.
However, in an in vitro inflammasome activity assay with PBMC, IL-1β protein secretion and the IL-1β/IL-1Ra protein ratio were similar in MS patients and HC.
Fish oil is claimed to improve outcome in multiple sclerosis (MS) through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by reducing cytokines including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL6, and IL-1β.
The data suggest that the IL-1 cluster genes make no major contribution to MS, but the tentative association between IL-1RA allele 2 and susceptibility of MS in women warrants further studies.
Consistently, we found that cathepsin Z-deficiency reduced the efficiency of antigen presenting cells to secrete IL-1β, which in turn reduced the ability of mice to generate Th17 responses-critical steps in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS.
Moreover, IL-1 plays a significant role in the regulation of the T-cells, and it is considered an essential cytokine for the Th cell differentiation that implicated in the MS pathogenesis.
Glatiramer acetate (GA), an immunomodulator used in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy, induces the production of secreted IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β, in human monocytes, and in turn enhances sIL-1Ra circulating levels in MS patients.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is implicated in numerous pathologies, including multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
We investigated the association of specific polymorphisms of the interleukin IL-1b (AvaI -511 and TaqI +3,953) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) (a variable number of tandem repeats; VNTR) genes with both the susceptibility to and the clinical characteristics in Greek multiple sclerosis (MS) patients cohort with bout-onset.