Published research has described increased expression of AT1R and ACE in tissues from MS patients and in animal models of MS such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
ACE levels in CSF were lower in patients with NMO/NMOs (34.3+/-5.61 ng/ml) than in MS patients (42.5+/-8.19 ng/ml, P(corr)=0.035) and controls (44.7+/-4.02 ng/ml, P(corr)<0.0003) while ACE2 levels were lower in NMO/NMOs (1.13+/-0.49 ng/ml) and MS (1.75+/-0.86 ng/ml) patients than in controls (2.76+/-0.23 ng/ml, P(corr)<0.001 for both).
Examining the effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and stimulant-based medications for cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Here we show that during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, the expression of DARC is upregulated at the blood-brain barrier.
Concordant to evidence in multiple sclerosis experimental models, our data corroborate a distinct role for ACKR2 in cerebral inflammatory processes compared to its reported functions in peripheral tissues.
The interaction between oxysterols and the G protein-coupled receptor Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) fine-tunes immune cell migration, a mechanism efficiently targeted by several disease-modifying treatments developed to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), such as natalizumab.
Furthermore, this review provides potential therapeutic strategies for myelin repair by analyzing the relevance between the pathological changes and the regulatory roles of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 during MS.
Here, after performing whole exome sequencing, we found a MS patient harboring a rare and homozygous single nucleotide variant (SNV; rs61745847) of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) galanin-receptor 2 (GALR2) that alters an important amino acid in the TM6 molecular toggle switch region (W249L).
Although these data do not support a hypothesis that there is a role for these two HHVs in the pathogenesis of MS, nevertheless it may be suggested that (1) the two viruses possess strong neurotropism and the central nervous system seems to be a reservoir for them (2) HHV-6 infection is probably not transmitted maternally, but is acquired later in infancy.
These processes are crucial for the T-cells' ability to mediate inflammatory processes in autoimmune diseases such as MS. RhoA is a ubiquitously expressed small GTPase well described as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton.
A common database platform (tranSMART) for querying, analyzing and storing retrospective data of MS cohorts was set up to harmonize the data and compare results of ADA tests between different countries.
ADAM-17 expression is localised to endothelial cells in the human central nervous system (CNS) and is increased in multiple sclerosis (MS) white matter, suggesting a role in MS pathogenesis.