The best chance of cure lies in early diagnosis through the use of immunoreactive calcitonin measurement in family members at risk, and an aggressive surgical attack on the primary tumor and any cervical metastases.
In patients with ZES, increased PP levels were not related to the presence of MEAI or metastases; nor was there a correlation between serum PP and gastrin concentrations.
In patients with ZES, increased PP levels were not related to the presence of MEAI or metastases; nor was there a correlation between serum PP and gastrin concentrations.
An apparently complete remission of metastases in the liver from a resected pure pancreatic polypeptide apudoma occurred following intra-arterial and intravenous administration of streptozocin to a patient in a family with multiple endocrine adenopathy, type 1.
A neurofibroma, a fibroma, a primary neurofibrosarcoma, and four neurofibrosarcoma metastases from a woman with hereditary neurofibromatosis who was heterozygous (GdB/GdA-) for the X-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied to determine the number of cells from which the tumors developed.
We report that the primary growth of this tumor in the footpad and its metastasis to lung are correlated with the development of increased numbers of suppressor cells, characterized by the expression of a surface histamine H2 receptor.
Plasmin, the major fibrinolytic enzyme in blood, also participates in a number of physiologic functions involving protein processing and tissue remodelling, and may play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis.
mRNA isolated from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) in six patients with the inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 and cervical metastases in two patients with sporadic MTC was screened for the presence of calcitonin and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) related sequences by blot hybridization analysis.
Compared with the POMC mRNA occurring in the human pituitary gland, the size of the RNA species hybridizing to the POMC-specific probe was larger in the metastases of both of the patients investigated. cDNA complementary to mRNA from one of the metastases was cloned into pBR 322.
In advanced carcinomas, c-Ha-ras p21-immunoreactivity was correlated with the depth of tumor invasion and was stronger in metastatic tumors than in primary tumors.
Correlation with clinicopathological data showed, however, that the loss of one H-ras-1 allele in breast carcinoma DNAs is significantly linked to histological Grade III tumors, the lack of estrogen and/or progesterone receptors, and the subsequent occurrence of distal metastasis.
The length of POMC mRNA in MTCs (present in all 4 metastases investigated but not in 7 primary tumors) and pheochromocytomas is about 100 nucleotides more than pituitary POMC RNA.
In this study we have determined the prevalence of amplification of the proto-oncogenes c-erb B1 (= epidermal growth factor receptor gene), c-erb B2 and c-myc in 44 human intracranial tumours (27 gliomas, six metastases to the brain and 11 meningiomas).
These results indicate a clear genetic influence on metastases and a consequent poor prognosis for certain patients of lung cancer; L-MYC restriction length fragment polymorphism is thus shown to be a useful marker for predicting the metastatic potential of human lung cancer.
Furthermore, DNAs from secondary tumors and metastases induced by DNA from a primary tumor and a metastasis also contained similar highly amplified Ha-ras oncogene.
In contrast, rat embryo cells transformed with the ras oncogene and the adenovirus 2 (Ad2) Ela gene are tumorigenic but either fail to metastasize, or exhibit a very low metastatic potential.
The effusion metastasis sample expressed high levels of c-erbB-2 messenger RNA, in accord with its amplified gene copy number; otherwise, the levels of proto-oncogene transcripts were low in unprocessed tumor and uncultured organoids, but they increased with proliferation of the tumor cells in culture.
Overexpression of erbB-2 or EGF receptor proteins present in early stage mammary carcinoma is detected simultaneously in matched primary tumors and regional metastases.
Overexpression of erbB-2 or EGF receptor proteins present in early stage mammary carcinoma is detected simultaneously in matched primary tumors and regional metastases.
Short term (median follow-up of 16 months) clinical course data were consistent with nm23 RNA levels, in that 2 of 11 low nm23 RNA content patients (including one from the 0 involved lymph node group) developed metastases, while none of the high nm23 RNA patients have experienced recurrent disease.