Our immunohistochemistry data suggest that MUC5AC and SOX2 are associated with the pancreatobiliary phenotype of ampulla of vater carcinoma and involved in later events in carcinogenesis, such as invasion and metastasis.
Within squamous cell carcinomas of one cohort, SOX2 amplification was associated with lower tumor grade, while higher levels of SOX2 expression were related to younger age, smaller tumor size, and lower probability of angiolymphatic invasion and metastasis.
In this regard, our studies on hGBM tissue grade IV specimens showed significant expression of Twist1 and Sox2, known mesenchymal and stemness related markers, respectively, indicating their association with glial tumor genesis and metastasis.
Micropapillary carcinomas were characterized by more frequent lymphovascular invasion (P<0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001), higher pathological T and tumor node metastasis stages (P=0.047 and P=0.001), and more frequent SOX2 (P=0.038) and NOTCH3 expressions (P=0.005).
Here, we disclosed that SOX2 improves metastasis of breast and prostate cancer cells by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through WNT/β-catenin, but not TGF-β or Snail1 signaling.
Depleting YAP1 reduced the expression of multiple epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes and prevented the growth and metastasis of tumor xenografts in mice; overexpression of Sox2 in YAP1 null cells rescued these functions.
Our study aimed to investigate the silencing effects of SOX2 expression using RNA interference (RNAi) on various biological processes in laryngeal cancer TU212 cells, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis.
Thus, our data indicate that linc00617 functions as an important regulator of EMT and promotes breast cancer progression and metastasis via activating the transcription of Sox2.
The over-expression of tumour suppressor genes such as RB and SOX17 and down-regulation of an oncogene such as SOX2 were in accordance to the inhibitory role of miR-340 that causes blockage of breast cancer metastasis which should be further investigated.
In this study we investigate the role of SOX2 in breast cancer metastasis using multiple in vitro and in vivo assays including cell culture, shRNA-mediated knockdown, wound healing, colony formation, transwell chamber, xenograft and tail vein injection.