Patients with low differentiation and distant metastasis had higher levels of AFP, CA19-9 and CEA (p<0.05) compared with patients with high differentiation and no distant metastasis.
Univariate analysis showed that patients <5 years of age (P = 0.018), with higher α-fetoprotein (AFP) level (>100 ng/ml, P = 0.008), without metastases at diagnosis (P = 0.001) and postoperative AFP recovery after no more than three chemocycles (P = 0.014) had better overall survival.
The obtained data revealed that administration of Mel before MSCs treatment without preconditioning yielded a better ameliorative effect against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as evidenced by: 1) reduced serum levels of alpha fetoprotein and gamma-glutamyl transferase; 2) decreased number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental positive foci; 3) induced apoptosis (as indicated by increased cleaved caspase-3 activity, upregulated expression of proapoptotic genes Bax and caspase 3 and downregulated expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl2, survivin); 4) decreased malondialdehyde level and increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes; and 5) reduced inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis as indicated by downregulated expression of interleukin 1 beta, nuclear factor kappa B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 genes and upregulated expression of metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 gene.
Stage IS testicular cancer is defined by the persistence of elevated serum tumor markers, including α-fetoprotein and/or β-human chorionic gonadotropin, after orchiectomy without radiological evidence of metastatic disease.
His alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level increased above the normal limit, and metastases were noted in the transplanted liver and peritoneum four years after the first LDLTx.
Variables analyzed included history of prior tumor resection, pretransplant AFP responses to chemotherapy, metastatic disease at diagnosis, and post-transplant chemotherapy.
The results indicated that of the 333 patients with HCC, those who carried ADAM10 rs514049 (AC + CC) variants had a higher risk of developing lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 5.087, p = 0.027), and those who carried ADAM10 rs653765 (GA + AA) variants had a higher risk of developing distant metastasis (OR = 3.346, p = 0.020) and higher levels of α-fetoprotein.
Contrast-enhanced <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool for the detection of intrahepatic HCC recurrence or extrahepatic metastasis following rising AFP levels after LRT of HCC, and should be incorporated during routine workup awaiting LT.
It is related to the metastasis of tumor cells and is positively correlated with the serum level of AFP and may affect the survival time of HCC patients undergoing surgical resection.
Furthermore, analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) and GSE14520 datasets revealed a significant correlation between MED15 expression and the tumor size (P=0.033), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (P=0.031), α-fetoprotein levels (P=0.002) and metastasis risk (P=0.001).
The multivariable prognostic analysis for progression-free survival (PFS) included age (±10 years), primary tumour site (1-testis, 2-ovary, 3-extragonadal), extent of disease (1-pS1, 2-loco-regional dissemination, 3-metastasis) and AFP (±10,000 ng/ml).
CIMP+ in HCC was significantly associated with distant metastasis (OR = 4.28, 95% CI = 2.57-7.10, P < 0.00001, heterogeneity = 0.888), TNM tumor stage IIII + IV (OR = 5.73, 95% CI = 3.70-8.88, P < 0.0001, heterogeneity = 0.449), cirrhosis (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.33,4.83, P = 0.005, heterogeneity = 0.121) and a higher level of AFP (>300 ng/ml) than those with CIMP- (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.79,3.89, P < 0.00001, heterogeneity = 0.432).
On multivariate analysis, gender, body mass index (BMI), Child-Pugh classification, extrahepatic metastases, tumor burden, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were identified as significant predictors of OS and ECOG-performance status, Child-Pugh classification and extrahepatic metastases were identified as significant predictors of PFS.