Treatment of TRβ-expressing MCF-7 cells (MCF7-TRβ cells) with the thyroid hormone T3 decreased significantly CD44+/CD24- and ALDH+ cell subpopulations, the efficiency of mammosphere formation, the self-renewal capacity of CSCs in limiting dilution assays, the expression of the pluripotency factors in the mammospheres, and tumor initiating capacity in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the hormone reduces the CSC population present within the bulk MCF7-TRβ cultures.
In addition, we observed that Akt/β-catenin tumors contained a subpopulation of cells with stem/progenitor-like characteristics identified through SP analysis and expression of the cancer stem cell-like marker CD44, which may contribute to tumor self-renewal and drug resistance.
Treatment of LMP1/CD40-expressing lymphomatous mice with an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody induced tumor regression with decreased spleen content, activation and proliferation rate of B-cells as well as a marked increase in T-cell activation, as assessed by CD62L and CD44 expression.
Finally, we sorted out the group of tumors with simultaneous strong CD44 and strong RHAMM expression, and found a statistically significant correlation with the depth of myometrial invasion and LVSI.
In the original study, LAPC4 cells expressing miR-34a had a statistically significant reduction in tumor regeneration and reduced CD44 expression compared to control (Figure 4A and Supplemental Figures 4A,B and 5C; Liu et al., 2011).
First, exposure of purified, non-CSC to IFN-β prevents OSM-mediated CD44 and SNAIL expression and represses tumor sphere formation and migratory capacity.
The novel finding that rhPRG4 opposes HAS2 and CD44 induction by TGFβ has implications for downregulating the tumor promoting roles, while maintaining the tumor suppressive aspects of TGFβ actions.
Collectively, these data demonstrate that tumor growth of an engineered xenograft breast cancer model with hyaluronan-accumulating stroma can be dependent on hyaluronan and independent of CD44.
Using unadjusted logistic regression, we found significant association between tumor recurrence at next biopsy and CD44 expression (OR = 2.51, P = 0.03), tumor recurrence at any subsequent biopsy and ER expression (OR = 0.24, P = 0.04), and tumor grade progression at any subsequent biopsy and HER2/neu expression (OR = 0.24, P = 0.04).
With HA as a targeting group, the nanosheets selectively accumulated in CD44 overexpressed tumors, followed by drug release under the control of NIR light.
The development of a tumor has been noted to be accompanied by modifications in the extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of CD44, hyaluronic acid (HA) and its family members.
Frax-NP-CGKRK successfully targets the tumor sites through the recognition of overexpressed heparan sulfate proteoglycan, reverses the activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), attenuates the dense stroma barrier, and enhances tumor blood perfusion.
In addition, 71.4% of the HCC patients demonstrated CTCs positive for cancer stem cell marker, CD44, suggesting that the major population of CTCs could possess stemness properties to facilitate tumor cell survival and dissemination.
Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanocarriers are of great interest in the drug delivery field due to the tumor targetability via CD44-mediated recognition and endocytosis.
After the treatment period, the tumor tissues were weighed and harvested for mRNA and protein isolation. qPCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of cancer stemness markers (epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM], cluster of differentiation [CD13], CD90, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 [ALDH1], CD44, and CD45), totipotency factors (sex determining region Y-box 2 [Sox2], Nanog, and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4]), and genes involved in the Notch, Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin, Hedgehog, and Hippo signaling pathways.
<b>Objective:</b> Cancer stem cell marker CD44 and its variant isoforms (CD44v) may be correlated with tumor growth, metastasis, and chemo-radiotherapy resistance.
The prominent role of CD44 in tumor cell signaling together with its establishment as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker for various tumor entities imply a key role for CD44 in CSC functional properties.
Consequently, herein GMC and QCT have been loaded within biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), externally decorated with hyaluronic acid (HA; viz., PPHA NPs), which plays a major role in drug targeting to tumors due to its ability to specifically interact with CD44 receptor, that is overexpressed in many tumors.