P2X3 (P2X purinoceptor 3) is predominantly expressed on nociceptive sensory neurons and plays a crucial role in signalling leading to chronic inflammatory pain and some features of neuropathic pain.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is implicated in neuropathic pain, but associations between neuropathic pain and polymorphisms in the TNFA gene have not been identified.
CCL2 could be induced in the brain injury during migration and CCL2 might play a major role in the neuropathic pain caused by A. cantonensis infection.
MiR-132-3p expression was also slightly up-regulated in sural nerve biopsies from neuropathy patients suffering from neuropathic pain compared to those without pain (1.2 fold; p<0.001).
PKG1-dependent repair functions will outweigh its signaling functions in spinal nociceptive LTP, so that inhibition of PKG1 is no option for neuropathic pain.
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide released from sensory nerve endings, appears to play a significant role in chronic neuropathic pain.
CACNA1B (Ca<sub>v</sub>2.2) encodes an N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) ubiquitously expressed in brain and peripheral nervous system that is important for regulating neuropathic pain.
Interleukin-1β pre-treated bone marrow stromal cells alleviate neuropathic pain through CCL7-mediated inhibition of microglial activation in the spinal cord.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide is implicated in the development of neurogenic inflammation and it is upregulated in conditions of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.