Phase 2 occurs postnatally through adult stages with bone marrow production of granulocyte precursors and positive selection of mutants due to chronic G-CSF therapy to reverse the severe neutropenia.
Of note, risk factors have changed with the advent of hematopoietic cytokines (especially granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) in shortening the duration of neutropenia, as well as with the discovery of more targeted cancer treatments that do not result in cytotoxicity, although these are still the exception.
The granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) biosimilar filgrastim (Nivestim™) reduces the duration and severity of neutropenia and the frequency of occurrence of febrile neutropenia (FN).
ALL chemotherapy is associated with numerous side effects including neutropenia that is routinely prevented by the administration of growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).
Our study shows the increase or decrease in monocyte count is a significant potential indicator to predict the occurrence of neutropenia, and it is also a predictor to guide the next monitoring time of neutrophil count and the treatment of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.
Ghrelin therapy was able to enhance and sustain the increases in serum on day 15, probably contributed by spleen and ileum, suggesting the correlation between G-CSF and KC increases and the neutropenia mitigation.
Recent studies demonstrated that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), regularly used for the prevention of neutropenia, is engaged in cancer progression.
Secondary objectives were to assess the influence of neutropenia on outcome of critically ill patients in prespecified subgroups (according to underlying tumor, period of admission, need for mechanical ventilation and use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)).
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was administered when grade 3 or 4 leukopenia and/or neutropenia occurred during radiation therapy, and no prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used in this study.
Patients with glycogen storage disease type 1b are often treated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for prolonged periods to improve symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in the face of severe neutropenia to decrease risk of infection.
Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) are serious side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy which may be alleviated with the administration of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) derivatives, such as pegfilgrastim (PG) which increases absolute neutrophil count (ANC).
Randomized controlled clinical trial of polyethylene glycol recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of neutropenia after chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Safety and efficacy of alternating treatment with EP2006, a filgrastim biosimilar, and reference filgrastim: a phase III, randomised, double-blind clinical study in the prevention of severe neutropenia in patients with breast cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.