The data suggest a possibility that dietary <i>S</i>-equol could be an alternative to hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of hyperphagia and obesity with a lower risk of adverse effects induced by ER-α stimulation.
23 ESR1 and 11 ESR2 tag-SNPs, covering most of the common haplotype variation in each gene according to HAPMAP data, were analysed by Chi2 for association with obesity in a cohort comprising 705 adults with severe obesity and 402 lean individuals.
In the present study, we explored the effects of a grape seed extract (GSE) enriched in the flavan-3-ols procyanidin dimers on obesity-related cardiovascular and metabolic disorders; with a particular interest in the role/contribution of ERα.
Considering that inactivation of estrogen receptor (ER)α promotes obesity and metabolic dysfunction in women and female mice, understanding the mechanisms and tissue-specific sites of ERα action to combat metabolic-related disease, including BrCA, is of clinical importance.
The combination of overweight/obesity and elevated breast density in premenopausal women is associated with a higher risk of ER-negative compared with ER-positive cancer.
Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa), insulin resistance, and vitamin D deficiency, and all contribute to increased synthesis of mammary estrogens, the drivers of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BCa growth.
Obesity had a negative impact on improvement in the DAS with 28 joints using ESR as an inflammation marker of -0.15 (95% CI: -0.26; -0.04) units for women receiving conventional synthetic DMARDs, -0.22 (95% CI: -0.31; -0.12) units for women receiving TNF inhibitors, -0.22 (95% CI: -0.42; -0.03) units for women receiving tocilizumab and -0.41 (95% CI: -0.74; -0.07) units for men receiving tocilizumab.
Thus, it is speculated that such ESR1 epigenetic changes may be influenced or shaped by obesity and reproductive history-related factors before and during breast carcinogenesis.
Herein, we found that BMP4 deficiency in white adipose tissue (WAT) increased the estrogen receptor α (ERα) level and its signaling, which prevented adult female mice from developing high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance; estrogens depletion up regulated BMP4 expression to overcome overt adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity with aging, and failure of BMP4 regulation due to genetic knockout led to more fat gain in aged female mice.
These results suggest that adipocytes can modify breast cancer cell ER gene expression through hypoxia and also can promote EMT processes in breast cancer cells, supporting an important role of obesity in aggressive breast cancer development.
Here, we identified regulatory pathways in estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) tumors that were shared between patients with obesity and those with resistance to neoadjuvant aromatase inhibition.
Obesity was significantly associated with differential methylation (FDR q < 0.05) in just two gene loci in breast tumor tissue overall and in 21 loci among ER-positive tumors.
Aromatase inhibitors are the preferred treatment for certain women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but evidence suggests that women with obesity experience aromatase inhibitor resistance at higher rates.
Although it has been well-documented that obesity is associated with decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, it is unclear whether these associations differ among breast cancer subtypes defined by the tumor protein expression status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).
Our results suggest that polymorphisms of the ESR1 gene do not contribute significantly to the genetic risk for obesity phenotypes in a population of young Caucasian adults.