Obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) is associated with risk of several cancers and has also been suggested as a risk factor for CM, and may also be related to insufficient 25(OH)D and/or high leptin levels.
Recent advances that have shed light on the pathophysiology of obesity are the recognition that 1) excess fat is deposited in liver, muscle, and pancreatic islets; 2) fat tissue secretes a large number of active signaling molecules including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, as well as free fatty acids; and 3) activated macrophages colonize the adipose tissue.
Gender-specific effect of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 gene on obesity risk and leptin levels in a Tunisian population.
Rare, non-syndromic forms of obesity are a result of loss-of-function mutations in genes that act on the development and function of the hypothalamus or the leptin-melanocortin pathway.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates the secretion and actions of insulin, leptin, ghrelin, various neurotransmitters and peptides, and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in energy homeostasis suggesting that it (BDNF) has a significant role in the pathobiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Here, we show that Lgr4 homozygous mutant (Lgr4(m/m)) mice show reduced adiposity and resist dietary and leptin mutant-induced obesity with improved glucose metabolism.
High leptin and low adiponectin are indicative of increased adiposity and suggests a potential parallel with human obesity and cardiovascular disease in males.
The subjects carrying Gly16 or Glu27 alleles regardless of BMI had greater total fat mass, W/H and plasma leptin compared with those without the Gly16 or Glu27 alleles, indicating that Gly16 and Glu27 alleles of the beta2-adrenoceptor gene are related to obesity and fat mass.
Leptin resistance in obese individuals is frequently associated with insulin resistance and pronounced hyperinsulinaemia indicating a negative crosstalk of the insulin and leptin signalling chain.
The Lim domain homeobox gene (Isl-1) is a positional candidate gene for obesity that maps on chromosome 5q11-q13, a locus linked to BMI and leptin levels in French Caucasians.
We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for studies that evaluated the association between LEPG-2548A polymorphisms and obesity risk prior to March 2014.
Obesity is a risk factor for PC that could affect 5-FU effectiveness through the adipokine leptin, which is a known proliferation, survival factor and Notch inducer.
Obesity in cloned mice is likely to reflect epigenetic abnormalities that arise partly from inadequate nuclear programming; these obese mice display a unique phenotype that is suggestive of a defect other than malfunction of the leptin-melanocortin system, which occurs in most rodent models of obesity and in human obesity.
Fasting leptin is associated with weight result after RYGBP, and hormonal responses to a glucose oral load might work towards promoting obesity in long-term non-responders after RYGBP.
The current study aimed to determine whether stimulation of aromatase by obesity-associated adipokine leptin involves the regulation of the p53-HIF1α/PKM2 axis.
The specific production of the obese protein by adipose tissue suggested that it may function in a feedback loop from fat tissue to the hypothalamus to control energy intake and/or energy expenditure, and that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of human obesity.