Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive peptide and its receptors, endothelin receptor A (ET(A)) and endothelin receptor B (ET(B)), have been implicated in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
These studies suggest that ocular ET-1 acts through ETB receptors to mediate apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, a key event in glaucoma and related optic neuropathies.
Our results suggest that activation and nuclear localization of EGFR may be needed for induction of NOS-2 in response to elevated intraocular pressure in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
New treatment strategies, such as erythropoietin for methanol optic neuropathy, are being proposed for TONs, a condition that was previously regarded as untreatable.
Inclusion criteria were unilateral chronic optic neuropathy and a work-up including contrast-enhanced MRI brain and orbits, CBC, ESR, CRP, ANA, CMIA, and ACE.
These results indicate that intravitreal injection of 2D-MSCs is a promising therapeutic strategy for retinal pathological diseases characterized by the loss of RGCs and open the door for the application of SCGF-β, HGF, and MCP-1 in the treatment of optic nerve diseases.
Our data support the idea that the upregulation of Hsp70 has a beneficial effect on the survival of injured RGCs, and the induction of this protein could be viewed as a potential neuroprotective strategy for optic neuropathies.
Our report expands the spectrum of MFN2-related manifestation because it indicates that visual symptoms of HMSN VI may enter in the differential with acquired or hereditary acute optic neuropathies, and that severe optic neuropathy is not invariably an early manifestation of the disease but may occur as disease progressed.