Particular emphasis has been placed on the endothelial-specific miR-126, a potential biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, and miR-155 and miR-223, which play a role in both vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoclasts, with an impact on the vascular calcification and osteoporosis process.
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a complex disease which is associated with alterations of bone and mineral metabolism. miR-223 is implicated in both vascular calcification and osteoporosis.