The following questionnaires were administered: Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); Numerical Scale for Pain Assessment; Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK); Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D), and Baecke's Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire.
Morbidly obese patients with knee pain on most days were evaluated before bariatric surgery or medical weight management and at 1-year follow-up for BML and synovitis seen on MRI, pressure pain threshold (PPT) at patella and right wrist, depressive symptoms (using CES-D), and WOMAC pain survey.
Furthermore, pain disability (PDI) was higher at post-treatment in patients with depression according to the CES-D than in those without CES-D depression and this difference in the PDI did not emerge for interview-based depression.
Outcome measures that demonstrated that scar massage was effective included scar thickness as measured with ultrasonography (p=0.001; g=-0.512); depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression [CES-D]) (p=0.031; g=-0.555); pain as measured with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (p=0.000; g=-1.133) and scar characteristics including vascularity (p=0.000; g=-1.837), pliability (p=0.000; g=-1.270) and scar height (p=0.000; g=-2.054).
Psychiatric diagnoses of anxiety and depression and Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scores collected after hospital discharge were examined as predictors of post-surgery pain.