The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 (also known as NR4A2) is critical for the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and is associated with Parkinson's disease.
Further analysis of the polymorphism of the human Nurr1 gene may reveal the association with diseases characterized by changes of the DA system, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
In conclusion, the present study suggests that ABZ exerts a neuroprotective effect in a rotenone-induced PD model associated with HIF-1α and Nurr1 activation and thus may be a viable candidate for treating PD.
In conclusion, Nurr1 overexpression exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory roles via down-regulating CCL2 in both in vivo and in vitro PD models, contributing to developing mechanism-based and neuroprotective strategies against PD.
Since decrease in Nurr1 function either due to diminished expression or rare mutation is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), upregulation of Nurr1 may be beneficial for PD.
Taken together, these data suggest that genetic alteration at the Nurr1 locus is not a significant risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease in our large sample of familial PD patients.
Here, we investigated the protective effects of CP on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- (MPTP-) induced PD in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms of action, focusing on Nurr1.
Additionally, MK-801 treatment protected the dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and improved motor functions by increasing the expression of Nurr-1 and Pitx-3 in the PD model.
Thus, the daphnane-type and phorbol-type diterpenes had anti-neuroinflammatory activity with Nurr1 activation and could be responsible for the anti-PD effect of the roots and stems of D. genkwa.
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of a herbal extract combination, consisting of Bupleurum falcatum, Paeonia suffruticosa, and Angelica dahurica (MABH), on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD-like symptoms and to elucidate possible mechanisms of action focusing on Nurr1.
In order to investigate a possible relation of Nurr1 with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease or other neuropsychiatric disorders, we have cloned and characterized the human Nurr1 gene.
These phenomena provided a new theoretical and experimental foundation for the transplantation of Nurr1-overexpressed NSCs as a potential treatment of PD.
Gene-based candidates for Parkinson's disease (PD) include the ubiquitin-proteosome system, scavengers of reactive oxygen species, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor, TrkB, and downstream target early growth response 1, Nurr-1, and signaling through protein kinase C and RAS pathways.