Germline polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and p53 codon 72 together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 457 blood and cervical smear samples from normal healthy women and the patients with premalignant and malignant cervical lesions.
Mutation, promoter hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity involving the tumor suppressor gene p16 (CDKN2a/INK4a) have been detected in a wide variety of human cancers, but much less is known concerning the frequency and spectrum of p16 mutations in premalignant conditions.
The results of this study indicates no detectable mutations in the 12th codon of the first exon of the Ki-ras gene in any premalignant or malignant melanocytic lesion examined.
At year 3, the data indicated that individuals with KRAS mutations in their baseline premalignant stomach biopsies were 3.74 times as likely to progress to a higher premalignant stage than those who lacked baseline mutations (P = 0.04; C. Gong et al., Cancer Epidemiol.Biomark.Prevy.8:167-171, 1999).
Although CA was observed in mammary tumors initiated by c-Myc or K-Ras(G12D), it was detected only in premalignant mammary lesions expressing K-Ras(G12D).
Additionally, the results that benign pancreas are negative forKRAS mutations complement the findings of other relevant study that KRAS mutation-associated premalignant lesions do not appear to arise from acinar cells or Langerhans islets.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation is an early somatic genetic alteration in the transformation of premalignant nodules in hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis.
Desmoid tumors are usually a complication of familial adenomatous polyposis, a predisposition to the early development of premalignant adenomatous polyps in the colorectum due to chain-terminating mutations of the APC gene.
By employing genomic sequencing, i.e., base-specific analysis of methylated cytosines, we show here that the promoter region of the APC gene is heavily methylated at CpG sites in patients with colorectal carcinoma in comparison with normal colonic mucosa and premalignant adenomas.
Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was carried out on lymphocyte DNA obtained from ten patients with the inherited premalignant condition adenomatous polyposis coli and a similar number of control samples to search for large scale molecular rearrangements in the vicinity of the APC locus.
In biopsies from various lesions we found FGFR3 and PIK3CA hotspot mutations but there was no consistent pattern of mutations explaining the premalignant or malignant growth.
The patterns of X chromosome inactivation and mutations of PTEN and K-ras were evaluated in cases of endometrial hyperplasia to determine the presence of potentially premalignant neoplastic versus polyclonal benign cell populations.
BRCA1/2 germ line mutation carriers have a high risk of developing fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC), thought to occur through different early (p53 signatures) and later (dysplasia, intra-epithelial carcinoma) premalignant stages.
As the methylation of the calcitonin gene correlates with the disease activity in chronic myeloid leukemia, it seemed worthwhile to study the gene methylation in other premalignant hematologic conditions with a potential to terminate in fulminant acute leukemia.
In a murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) model, we previously showed that expression of oncogenic Kras induced a premalignant state accompanied with an arrest in T-cell differentiation and acquisition of somatic Notch1 mutations.
Germline polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and p53 codon 72 together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 457 blood and cervical smear samples from normal healthy women and the patients with premalignant and malignant cervical lesions.
Among the investigated gene variants onlyIL10T-819C, IL-8-251, IL-18RAP917997, IL-22 rs1179251, IL1-B-511, IL1-B-3954, IL4R-398 and IL1RN were identified as predictors for premalignant gastric lesions risk.