The expression levels of HIF1A, vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), and Cd31 were significantly higher in the HIF1A-treatment group than in the PBS-treatment group.
Hemoglobin content, blood flow (laser Doppler perfusion imaging), and VEGF levels in the implants, used as indices of vascularization, indicated that Ts14 enhanced angiogenesis in implants relative to the PBS-treated group.
The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A was suppressed in NS-398-treated mice compared with PBS-treated mice.