α-Fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase had sensitivities of less than 50% in seminoma and slightly higher sensitivities in nonseminomas. miR levels were significantly associated with clinical stage, primary tumor size, and response to treatment.
A human testicular germ cell tumor with borderline histology between seminoma and embryonal carcinoma secreted beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein only as a xenograft.
Patients with seminoma have a raised S-LD-1 more often than a raised S-AFP and S-hCG, whereas patients with nonseminoma have a raised S-AFP more often than a raised S-LD-1 and S-hCG.
The tumor cells of both the classic and the tubular components of the seminomas were diffusely positive for placental alkaline phosphatase but were negative for cytokeratin and alpha-fetoprotein.
This proportion of patients is even lower for those with seminomas or pure embryonal carcinomas as alpha-fetoprotein is predominantly related to yolk sac tumor and human chorionic gonadotropin to choriocarcinoma.