Incubation of AS and control PBMC with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) led to upregulation of TGFbeta1, interleukin-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) assessed by ELISA.
A weak association was noted between the rare TGFB1 +1632 T allele and AS in the Finnish population (P = 0.04) and in the combined data set (P = 0.03).