The inhibition of gastric cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) enzyme was believed to be the major cause of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced gastric ulcer.
In conclusion, a carrier of the -1676T allele in the COX-1 gene promoter, as well as HP infection and male gender, seem to be significant risk factors for developing gastric ulcers, and the number of -1676T alleles was also a significant risk factor for the NSAID-induced ulcer, whereas the frequency of the A-842G polymorphism was thought to be very rare in the Japanese population.