As animal model and preclinical studies have shown, the recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) improves clinical outcomes after stroke.
These results strongly suggest that the attenuation of neuroinflammation mediated by endogenous IL-1ra is an important therapeutic mechanism of IV-hUMSCs for the treatment of stroke.
Our results indicated that IL-1RA-PEP could effectively penetrate the brain of MCAO rats, alleviated the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, showing a great clinical potential for stroke.
Overall, our data demonstrate that systemic administration of IL-1Ra improves outcome and promotes neurogenesis after experimental stroke, further highlighting the therapeutic potential of this clinically approved drug.
Neuroprotection is also achieved by therapeutic injection of IL-1Ra-producing bone marrow cells 30 min after stroke onset, additionally improving the functional outcome in two different stroke models.
A total of 21 studies from 19 publications including 5280 stroke patients and 5699 controls were included in this meta-analysis which detect whether IL-1α-889C/T, IL-1β-511C/T and IL-1 RN polymorphism were associated with stroke susceptibility.
These data indicate that IL-1ra and IL1RN may influence the risk of infection after stroke, but this influence seems limited to infections other than pneumonia.
The unadjusted association model a, and the fully saturated model e, adjusted for age, gender, and stroke risk factors demonstrated no significant increase in risk associated with the IL1RN gene 2/2 genotype (a: OR, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], .67-1.89; P=.615; and e: OR, .95; 95% CI, .46-1.94; P=.574).
We also reported a higher frequency in stroke subjects with a significant risk trend of the TPA 7351-CT genotype and of IL-1RN-VNTR 86 bp 2/2 genotype.
A variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in intron 2 of the IL-1Ra gene was analyzed in 148 patients with stroke and 161 healthy volunteers from the same area.
Patients with at least one copy of the IL1RN*2 allele had increased risk of death during the first week, and patients homozygotic for this allele had increased risk of death within the first month after stroke.
Allele 2 of IL1RN, present in nearly one-quarter of stroke patients, may contribute to genetic risk for ischemic stroke and confirm the previously identified association with cerebrovascular disease.
Following multivariate adjustment, carriers of the TNF-alpha (-308)A allele, the IL-1-RA 2* allele or the IL-6 (-174)C allele appeared to have an increased risk of stroke in association with a febrile episode prior to strokes.
Following multivariate adjustment, carriers of the TNF-alpha (-308)A allele, the IL-1-RA 2* allele or the IL-6 (-174)C allele appeared to have an increased risk of stroke in association with a febrile episode prior to strokes.
Susceptibility for ischemic stroke in Korean population is associated with polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes, but not the interleukin-1beta gene.
As expected, the estimated frequency of the IL-1Ra allele 1 (Ra*1 allele) in stroke survivors was higher than in age-matched controls (0.851 and 0.664, respectively; p < 0.001) and in healthy Italians (0.851 and 0.717, respectively; p < 0.001).