In this study, we found that the superinfection of MDV and ALV-J increased the viral replication of the two viruses in RNA and protein level, and synergistically promoted the expression of IL-10, IL-6, and TGF-β in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF).
Influenza A virus-induced release of interleukin-10 inhibits the anti-microbial activities of invariant natural killer T cells during invasive pneumococcal superinfection.
Women who contracted HIV-1 during the trial were screened for the occurrence of superinfection by next-generation sequencing of the viral gag and env genes.
Women who contracted HIV-1 during the trial were screened for the occurrence of superinfection by next-generation sequencing of the viral gag and env genes.
Women who contracted HIV-1 during the trial were screened for the occurrence of superinfection by next-generation sequencing of the viral gag and env genes.
Women who contracted HIV-1 during the trial were screened for the occurrence of superinfection by next-generation sequencing of the viral gag and env genes.
To analyze superinfection in an HIV-1-infected patient showing high-risk practices, viral quasispecies were analyzed in pol and env genes in several plasma samples.
To analyze superinfection in an HIV-1-infected patient showing high-risk practices, viral quasispecies were analyzed in pol and env genes in several plasma samples.
To analyze superinfection in an HIV-1-infected patient showing high-risk practices, viral quasispecies were analyzed in pol and env genes in several plasma samples.
To analyze superinfection in an HIV-1-infected patient showing high-risk practices, viral quasispecies were analyzed in pol and env genes in several plasma samples.
Moreover, elevated IL-10 expression might contribute to an enhanced risk of development of microbacterial superinfections, a frequent finding in several dermatoses, and might also be involved in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases.
All these cell clones after the superinfection with infectious HIV-1 synthesized intact gag and env proteins, which were, at least in part, related to the HIV-1 genome persistently present in the cell clones before the superinfection, resulting in production of infectious HIV-1.
All these cell clones after the superinfection with infectious HIV-1 synthesized intact gag and env proteins, which were, at least in part, related to the HIV-1 genome persistently present in the cell clones before the superinfection, resulting in production of infectious HIV-1.
All these cell clones after the superinfection with infectious HIV-1 synthesized intact gag and env proteins, which were, at least in part, related to the HIV-1 genome persistently present in the cell clones before the superinfection, resulting in production of infectious HIV-1.
All these cell clones after the superinfection with infectious HIV-1 synthesized intact gag and env proteins, which were, at least in part, related to the HIV-1 genome persistently present in the cell clones before the superinfection, resulting in production of infectious HIV-1.