In contrast, haplotype "AG" of the IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms (rs1800896 and rs1800871) was present at a lower frequency in OT patients (<i>P</i> = 7e-04; OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.35).
Altogether, our results suggest that NOD2 influences the production of IL-17A by CD4(+) T lymphocytes and might contribute to the development of ocular toxoplasmosis.
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that South American strains may cause more severe OT due to an inhibition of the protective effect of IFN-γ.
Our findings strongly suggest that immunogenetic studies of individuals with congenital or postnatally acquired infection are needed to better understand the role of IFN-γ and its polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis.
Haplotype "GAG" of the IL-1β gene promoter polymorphisms (rs1143634, rs1143627, and rs16944) appeared to be significantly associated with OT (<i>P</i> = 0.0494).
KIR-HLA inhibitory pairs -KIR2DL3/2DL3-C1/C1 and KIR2DL3/2DL3-C1- were associated with decreased susceptibility for ocular toxoplasmosis and its clinical forms, while the KIR3DS1<sup>-</sup>/KIR3DL1<sup>+</sup>/Bw4-80Ile<sup>+</sup> combination was associated as a protective factor against the development of ocular toxoplasmosis and, in particular, against recurrent manifestations.
The activating KIR together with their HLA ligands (KIR3DS1-Bw4-80Ile and KIR2DS1<sup>+</sup>/C2<sup>++</sup> KIR3DS1<sup>+</sup>/Bw4-80Ile<sup>+</sup>) were associated with increased susceptibility for ocular toxoplasmosis and its clinical manifestations.
To explore the expressions of IL-27/IL-27R subunits (WSX-1 and gp130) during acute ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), we established mouse model by intraocular injection of 500 Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites.
This work evaluates the associations between polymorphisms in genes coding for the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (rs1799964, rs1800629, rs1799724, rs1800630, and rs361525), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (rs16944, rs1143634, and rs1143627), IL-1α (rs1800587), gamma interferon (IFN-γ) (rs2430561), and IL-10 (rs1800896 and rs1800871) and the presence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in a sample of a Colombian population (61 patients with OT and 116 healthy controls).
Individuals with the CCR5/CCR5 genotype and simultaneously the CCR5-59029 AA or AG genotypes have a greater risk of developing ocular toxoplasmosis (4% greater), which may be associated with a strong and persistent inflammatory response in ocular tissue.
Altogether, our results suggest that NOD2 influences the production of IL-17A by CD4(+) T lymphocytes and might contribute to the development of ocular toxoplasmosis.
The treatment regimens include spiramycin to prevent congenital transmission from an infected mother, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and folinic acid to treat the infected fetus, CSF shunting for the treatment of hydrocephalus and a combination of pyrimethamine, azithromycin, and corticosteroids for treating ocular toxoplasmosis.
To explore the expressions of IL-27/IL-27R subunits (WSX-1 and gp130) during acute ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), we established mouse model by intraocular injection of 500 Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites.
Multimodal imaging with SS-OCT-A can be valuable in clinical diagnosis as well as in clarifying the mechanism of choroidal structural changes in ocular toxoplasmosis.
The treatment regimens include spiramycin to prevent congenital transmission from an infected mother, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and folinic acid to treat the infected fetus, CSF shunting for the treatment of hydrocephalus and a combination of pyrimethamine, azithromycin, and corticosteroids for treating ocular toxoplasmosis.
Recently, it was revealed that UHRF1 plays important roles not only in carcinogenesis, but also in toxoplasmosis, which is occasionally fatal to people with a weakened immune system, and can cause blindness in the major pathology of ocular toxoplasmosis.
The positive modulation of endogenous ANXA1 in the inflammatory and RPE cells during T. gondii infection suggests that this protein may serve as a therapeutic target in ocular toxoplasmosis.