Peripheral blood DNA was analyzed for the frequency of both progesterone receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms in 270 women with uterine leiomyomas compared with 163 control women without uterine leiomyomas.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ERα-351 XbaI A/G, ERα-397 PvuII T/C, and progesterone receptor (PGR) PROGINS polymorphisms on the development of leiomyomas.
Uterine fibroids (UFs) may be treated with progesterone receptor modulators (PRMs), which have been shown to reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and the size of UFs.
The TC genotype of the ERβ receptor polymorphism and the GA and AA genotypes of the PGR receptor polymorphism and their respective hormonal levels can be developed as markers in the prediction of uterine fibroids.
MEDLINE using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was searched using the terms "PROGINS," "progesterone receptor," "polymorphism," and "leiomyoma."
In all cases, pulmonary tumors had benign histology and immunohistochemical profiles (estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor positive, and very low proliferative index) identical to uterine leiomyoma.
Progesterone receptor modulators, such as mifepristone are useful and well tolerated in reducing leiomyoma volume although with large individual variation.
Recently, perilipin-2 (PLIN2) was identified as a critical target gene of the progesterone receptor; however, its function in the pathogenesis of fibroids is unknown.
Transthoracic needle biopsy was performed and the resected lesion consisted of benign spindle cells was positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and was diffuse positive for actin and desmin by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, suggesting leiomyoma.
The amount of cells positively stained for PR-AB and PR-B in fibroids and myometrium decreased after GnRH-a treatment compared with in the proliferative phase.
Recently, treatment with selective progesterone receptor modulators has shown promising results with shrinkage of uterine leiomyomas and a prolonged clinical effect.