Previously, we reported that fenvalerate (Fen) promotes proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma (UtLM) cells by enhancing progression of cells from G(0)-G(1) to S phase through molecular mechanisms independent of estrogen receptor-α and -β.
A T/C SNP in intron 1 and exon 2 boundary of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene recognized by PvuII enzyme has been associated with several female pathologies like breast cancer, osteoporosis, endometriosis and fibroids in various ethnic groups.
ER-alpha, ER-beta, and PR proteins were also higher in leiomyomas and the level of these proteins negatively correlated with the level of 14-3-3 gamma protein.
The present results imply that the increased ratio of ER alpha/ER beta observed in the fibroids after GnRHa treatment could reflect or be the cause of the shrinkage of the leiomyoma, which is the clinical outcome of this treatment.
Paradoxically, neither 17 beta-estradiol nor bFGF was capable of up-regulating Cyr61 mRNA in leiomyoma explants despite elevated levels of ER alpha mRNA, suggesting a possible defect in steroid and growth factor regulation.
Transthoracic needle biopsy was performed and the resected lesion consisted of benign spindle cells was positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and was diffuse positive for actin and desmin by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, suggesting leiomyoma.
Dominant-negative estrogen receptor gene therapy may provide a nonsurgical treatment option for women with symptomatic uterine fibroids who want to preserve their uteri.
The level of messenger RNA expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta and the level of estrogen receptor as a whole are increased on average to a similar extent in leiomyomas compared with normal myometrium.
The results presented here suggest that some exogenous ER ligands may mimic the effects of endogenous estrogens on uterine leiomyoma and may contribute to a complex hormonal milieu that impacts both normal and neoplastic myometrium.
Carriage of the ESR1IVS1-397 T/C (PvuII), COMT G158A, and the CYP17A 34T-->C SNPs is not associated with the susceptibility to uterine leiomyoma in a Caucasian population.
In conclusion, there was an aberrant DNA methylation status in the promoter region of ER-alpha gene in uterine leiomyoma, which may be associated with high ER-alpha mRNA expression.
Estrogen receptor subtype alpha mRNA levels were significantly, and 1.8- to 2.6-fold, higher in leiomyoma compared with adjacent myometrium in all groups, whereas leiomyomaestrogen receptor subtype beta mRNA levels were significantly elevated only in Japanese women.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ERα-351 XbaI A/G, ERα-397 PvuII T/C, and progesterone receptor (PGR) PROGINS polymorphisms on the development of leiomyomas.