CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells play a central role in antitumour immunity, which often exhibit 'exhaustion' in the setting of malignancy and chronic viral infection due to T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).
Conjugated Bilirubin Upregulates TIM-3 Expression on CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> T Cells: Anti-Inflammatory Implications for Hepatitis A Virus Infection.
To further define the relationship between Tim-3 and Th1 cell function, we analysed the characteristics of Th1 cells that expressed Tim-3 in response to brief stimulation in vitro or an acute viral infection in vivo.
It is a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (Tim-3), a type-I glycoprotein that is persistently expressed on dysfunctional T cells during chronic viral infections.
Tim-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3), belonging to the member of the novel Tim family, has been confirmed that it plays a critical negative role in regulating the immune responses against viral infection and carcinoma.
Cooperation or interaction of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) molecules is more relevant than either molecule alone to immune dysfunction in chronic viral infection and cancers.
Elevated expression of Tim-3 on virus-specific T cells during chronic viral infections, such as HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, positively correlates with viral load.
T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) represents a novel mechanism of T-cell dysfunction in chronic viral diseases.
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) is a newly identified negative immunomodulator that is up-regulated on dysfunctional T cells during viral infections.
This negative regulatory function of TIM-3 has now been expanded to include its involvement in establishing and/or maintaining a state of T cell dysfunction or "exhaustion" observed in chronic viral diseases.
T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) has been shown to influence autoimmune diseases; however, its function in viral infection has not been well-defined.