Lower albumin was associated with older age, black race, and greater prevalence of NYHA class III-IV, peripheral arterial disease, atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus.
Multivariable analysis found that SSI was associated independently with the following adverse risk factors: peripheral vascular disease, prior chest surgery, no pre-operative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) administration within 120 minutes prior to incision, low serum albumin, and low pre-albumin at post-operative day zero to three, respectively.
Loss of self-dependency and energy resources (albumin, BMI) increased mortality more severely in women, whilst the impact of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases was more pronounced in men.
Factors associated with foot ulceration were previous amputation (OR, 10.19), peripheral arterial disease (OR, 6.16) and serum albumin (OR, 0.87); whereas previous and/or current ulceration (OR, 167.24 and 7.49, respectively) and foot deformity (OR, 15.28) were associated with amputation.