The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was made based on the clinical findings, laboratory test anomalies, CSF analysis results, and the radiological images.
In order to improve recognition of bacterial meningitis in neonates and to enable adequate management and audit, we investigated whether a systemic inflammatory response in the absence of meningitis is associated with elevated CSF protein and reduced CSF glucose levels.
Both CSF leukocyte and polykaryocyte can satisfactorily indicate whether the post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis has completely been cured, 0-44/mm<sup>3</sup> is recommended as the reference range of CSF leukocyte, and the CSF polykaryocyte' s is 0-3/mm<sup>3</sup>.
The modified Philadelphia criteria had high sensitivity for IBI without routine CSF testing, and all infants >28 days old with bacterial meningitis were classified as high risk.
Genetic variation studies, complement level measurements in blood and CSF, and experimental work have together led to the identification of anaphylatoxin C5a as a promising treatment target in bacterial meningitis.