To further investigate autoantibodies against cytochrome P-450s during alcohol abuse, sera of rats chronically treated with ethanol in the total enteral nutrition model and sera from alcoholics with or without alcohol liver disease and from control subjects were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting for the presence of IgG against rat and human CYP2E1, rat CYP3A1, and human CYP3A4.
To further investigate autoantibodies against cytochrome P-450s during alcohol abuse, sera of rats chronically treated with ethanol in the total enteral nutrition model and sera from alcoholics with or without alcohol liver disease and from control subjects were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting for the presence of IgG against rat and human CYP2E1, rat CYP3A1, and human CYP3A4.
CYP2E1 expression was not detected in fetal liver, kidney, lung, placenta (18 weeks gestational age) or liver (6 weeks gestational age) obtained at termination of pregnancy where maternal alcohol abuse had been established.
Therefore, decreased function of CREB in the central nucleus of the amygdala might regulate anxiety and alcohol intake via decreased expression of NPY, and might provide a common link between anxiety and alcohol abuse disorders.
When taken together with observations of potential genetic linkage between the NPY system and the human alcohol abuse disorders, NPY represents a promising target for treating problematic alcohol and drug use, and in protecting individuals from relapse during abstinence.
Therefore, decreased function of CREB in the central nucleus of the amygdala might regulate anxiety and alcohol intake via decreased expression of NPY, and might provide a common link between anxiety and alcohol abuse disorders.
Given the logistic and ethical constraints that would be associated with a trial of alcohol use to prevent depression, we aimed to complete a Mendelian randomization study to determine if a genetic polymorphism associated with alcohol abuse and dependence (ADH1Brs1229984 G-->A) contributed to modulate the risk of depression in a community-derived cohort of older men.
Among conventional markers of alcohol abuse, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes is prognostic of alcohol-related cancer and its predictivity increases when combined with functional polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1B [rs1229984] and ADH1C [rs698]) and the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2 [rs671]).
The ADH1B genotype was associated with the frequency and volume of drinking but its associations with binge drinking and problem drinking were less consistent.
Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene polymorphism in alcohol liver cirrhosis and alcohol chronic pancreatitis among Polish individuals.
We genotyped the rs1229984 G→A variant of the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene, which is associated with lower prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence.
The high prevalence of the ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 alleles in a large percentage of Asian subgroups has been studied as a potential protective factors against alcohol abuse, yet some individuals who possess these genes still engage in problematic alcohol use (Wall et al.2001).
A mutation in the gene encoding for the liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2-2), present in some Asian populations, lowers or abolishes the activity of this enzyme and results in elevations in blood acetaldehyde upon ethanol consumption, a phenotype that greatly protects against alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
Individuals who carry a low-activity ALDH2 (ALDH2*2) display high blood acetaldehyde levels after ethanol consumption, which leads to dysphoric effects, such as facial flushing, nausea, dizziness, and headache ("Asian alcohol phenotype"), which result in an aversion to alcohol and protection against alcohol abuse and alcoholism.