This study was undertaken to delineate whether transketolase abnormality (i.e., high Michaelis Menton constant (Km) for thiamine pyrophosphate), previously reported in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is prevalent among familial chronic alcoholic men and their sons without prior history of alcohol abuse but who are at high risk for alcoholism.
We conclude that, although alcoholism is a factor in the development of osteopenia, in males the ABO blood group status plays a significant role in the maximal mineralization of the skeleton and the amount of bone resorption during ageing, independent of alcohol abuse.
We conclude that, although alcoholism is a factor in the development of osteopenia, in males the ABO blood group status plays a significant role in the maximal mineralization of the skeleton and the amount of bone resorption during ageing, independent of alcohol abuse.
CYP2E1 expression was not detected in fetal liver, kidney, lung, placenta (18 weeks gestational age) or liver (6 weeks gestational age) obtained at termination of pregnancy where maternal alcohol abuse had been established.
These results suggest that no phenotypic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase-3 associated with alcoholic cirrhosis in white patients exists, that liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity falls as a consequence of both alcohol abuse and cirrhosis and that liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is unaffected by alcohol abuse and only falls after the onset of cirrhosis.
Since the GHRH-GH-IGF-I axis has an important role in growth regulation, the growth retardation seen in experimental models of alcohol abuse may be a consequence at least in part of the suppressive effects of ethanol on this axis.
Among the Atayal, the group with alcohol use disorders (alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse) had a significantly lower frequency of the ADH2*2 allele (0.82) than those without alcohol use disorders (0.91).
There were no significant differences between controls and the alcoholics, but a tendency of increased DRD2 TaqI A1 or B1 allele frequencies in alcoholic groups selected for severity (i.e. severity according to DSM-III-R criteria, early onset or severe medical complications due to alcohol abuse) and decreased frequencies in the corresponding less severe alcoholic group.
Although the ALDH2*2 allele had a significant inhibitory effect on alcohol consumption, hence on drinking problems, the apparent association was not confirmed between ADH2 genotype and overall drinking patterns for either males or females.
On the other hand, persons with the heterozygous ALDH2*2 genotype (ALDH2*1/2*2) are at higher risk for developing alcohol abuse-related end-organ damage than those with a homozygous ALDH2*1/2*1 genotype.
Finally, because both the opiate and 5-HT2A antagonists reduce the ingestion of saccharin and chocolate solutions differentially, it is apparent that preferences for alternative palatable fluids should be examined when candidate drugs are screened for suppressing alcohol drinking and ultimately the treatment of alcohol abuse.
Thus, a potential therapeutic role for CCK-A antagonists in the treatment of ethanol abuse and for CCK-B antagonists in the treatment of cocaine abuse is proposed.
To further investigate autoantibodies against cytochrome P-450s during alcohol abuse, sera of rats chronically treated with ethanol in the total enteral nutrition model and sera from alcoholics with or without alcohol liver disease and from control subjects were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting for the presence of IgG against rat and human CYP2E1, rat CYP3A1, and human CYP3A4.