We explored for potential differences regarding plasma leptin, cortisol and the ratio leptin/Body Mass Index (BMI) between 27 medication-free female patients with Panic Disorder (PD) and 42 age-matched female controls, and for potential associations between plasma leptin and psychometric evaluations including number of panic attacks during last week, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).
Psychometric measures included the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ), and panic attacks during last 21 days PA-21d.
We explored for potential differences regarding plasma leptin, cortisol and the ratio leptin/Body Mass Index (BMI) between 27 medication-free female patients with Panic Disorder (PD) and 42 age-matched female controls, and for potential associations between plasma leptin and psychometric evaluations including number of panic attacks during last week, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).
Psychometric measures included the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ), and panic attacks during last 21 days PA-21d.
Specifically, there was a significantly lower rate of CCK-4-induced panic attacks in female subjects who had MAO-A longer alleles or 5-HTTLPR short allele gene variants.
We explored for potential differences regarding plasma leptin, cortisol and the ratio leptin/Body Mass Index (BMI) between 27 medication-free female patients with Panic Disorder (PD) and 42 age-matched female controls, and for potential associations between plasma leptin and psychometric evaluations including number of panic attacks during last week, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).
In conclusion, these results suggest a central role of DBI genetic variants in the susceptibility for the development of anxiety disorders that are characterized by the occurrence of panic attacks.
Finally, the study also found that participants experienced a perpetuating cycle of dyspnea, anxiety, and fear of breathlessness due to COPD which could lead to more severe dyspnea and even panic attacks.
In line with our previous association study in patients with PD, we detected a possible association between TPH2rs1386494 polymorphism and susceptibility to panic attacks.
Efforts to dissect BPAD have been based on the course of the disorders (BP I versus BP II or rapid cycling), comorbidity pattern (panic attacks, suicide attempts, addiction or hyperactivity), differences between the sexes, and clinical pattern (cycloid and puerperal psychosis).
The neuropeptide angiotensin II has been found to be involved in anxiety and regulation of respiration which are important in the pathophysiology of panic attacks.
Using the method of sequential addition of cases, we found that polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region of SLC6A1 are highly associated with anxiety disorders when considering the severity of syndromal panic attacks as phenotype covariate.
Our results, limited to PD female patients, suggest that lower leptin serum levels are significantly associated with greater severity of psychopathological manifestations, including number of panic attacks, symptoms of somatization, anxiety and phobic anxiety and overall clinical presentation.
The top two ADRs associated with SSRIs metabolized by CYP2D6 are: nightmare (<i>n</i> = 983) reporting odds-ratio (OR) = 4.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) [3.67-5.20]) and panic attack (<i>n</i> = 1,243) OR = 2.43 (95% CI [2.11-2.79]).
However, no selective OX1R antagonist has been systematically tested in two preclinical models of using panicogenic stimuli that induce panic attack in the majority of people with panic disorder, namely an acute hypercapnia-panic provocation model and a model involving chronic inhibition of GABA synthesis in the perifornical hypothalamic area followed by intravenous sodium lactate infusion.
Specifically, there was a significantly lower rate of CCK-4-induced panic attacks in female subjects who had MAO-A longer alleles or 5-HTTLPR short allele gene variants.