Human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) were treated with recombinant human CTSS at activity comparable to that in SS patient tears for 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Acute CTSS significantly increased HCE-T cell gene and protein expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) from 2 to 4 h, while matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), CTSS, and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) were increased by chronic CTSS (24 h).
The CPG committee strongly discouraged the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors for sicca symptoms and for the majority of clinical contexts in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Deficiency in endothelial autophagy also increased TNF-α-induced inflammation under high-SS conditions and decreased expression of the antiinflammatory factor KLF-2.
However the increased production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in this group of patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of sicca syndrome associated with HTLV-1.
[Astragalus polysaccharides improved the cardiac function in Sjögren's syndrome model rats based on keap 1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway: a mechanism exploration].
BAFF variants have been also found to confer increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis and lymphoma development in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) patients.
To identify independent contributors of fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients, taking into account clinical, laboratory, and psychological features, and to explore the potential role of interferon (IFN)-induced gene indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), anti-21-hydroxylase (anti-21[OH]) antibodies, and soluble BAFF.
We confirmed that TGF-β1 expression in ECs could influence SMC phenotypic change under SS conditions and that TGF-β1 expression in ECs could also change MMP-2 production but not MMP-9 production in SMCs under SS conditions in the co-culture model.