NRAS mutations are the most common alterations among RAS isoforms in cutaneous melanoma, with patients harboring these aggressive tumors having a poor prognosis and low survival rate.
Accordingly, in a cohort of 79 BRAF/NRAS double wild type cutaneous melanoma and 17 mucosal melanoma KIT mutation was assessed by Sanger sequencing of exons 9,11,13,17 and 18.
Correction to: Dynamic and unpredictable changes in mutant allele fractions of BRAF and NRAS during visceral progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Because the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway plays such a significant role in melanoma development, we explore v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (<i>BRAF)</i> and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (<i>NRAS)</i> mutations in mucosal melanoma and compare them to the mutation profiles in cutaneous melanoma and other tumors with <i>BRAF</i> and <i>NRAS</i> mutations.
Only mutations confirmed via digital droplet PCR or in BRAF, KIT and NRAS, the most frequently altered cancer genes in cutaneous melanoma, were considered as positive.
Oncogenic mutations in c-KIT, NRAS and BRAF components of the MAPK pathway have been identified in nearly 90% of cutaneous melanoma and this information has been used to develop small molecules that inhibit their activity.
Management strategies are proposed for presentation of suspected melanoma of the skin and the central nervous system in patients with CMN, including use of oral mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors in NRAS-mutated tumours.
In this work we present an intensively pigmented and well-characterized cell line derived from a highly aggressive NRAS mutated cutaneous melanoma, named MUG-Mel2.
When NRAS(G12D) was expressed in the melanocytes of developing embryos, it induced melanocyte proliferation and congenital melanocytic lesions reminiscent of human blue nevi but did not induce cutaneous melanoma.
The BRAF/NRAS mutation status and expression of COX-2 and iNOS were examined to compare their prognostic value for overall survival (OS) in stage III malignant cutaneous melanoma.
Occurrence of ocular melanoma thirteen years after skin melanoma: two separate primaries or metastatic disease? A case solved with NRAS and CDKN2A (INK4A-ARF) mutational analysis.