Homozygous LH2 knockout (LH2<sup>-/-</sup>) embryos failed to develop normally and died at early embryonic stage E10.5 with abnormal common ventricle in a heart, i.e., an insufficient wall, a thin ventricular wall, and loosely packed cells.
The minor allele C in <i>GATA4</i>: rs17153694 T > C increased the risk of tetralogy of Fallot, whereas minor alleles in <i>TBX1</i>: rs41298006 G>A, <i>FGF10</i>: rs75629618 C>T, <i>FGF10:</i> rs10461755 G>A, <i>FGF10:</i> rs75632187 A>G, and <i>FGF10:</i> rs12518964 G > A were associated with increased risk of single ventricle.
Conclusions PDE5 is increased in failing SV heart disease myocardium, and pathological gene expression changes in SV heart disease serum-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes are abrogated by PDE5i.
Homozygous deletion of Rfx4 resulted in formation of a single ventricle in the forebrain, and severe dorsoventral patterning defects in the telencephalon and midbrain at embryonic day 12.5, a collection of phenotypes that resembled human holoprosencephaly.
By univariate analysis, younger age (5 vs. 284 days, P < .001), lower weight (3.2 vs. 7.5 kg, P < .001), single ventricle physiology (P = .05), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (176 vs. 94 min, P < .001), need for delayed sternal closure (P < .001), and higher STAT category (P < .001) were associated with EAT.
Then, for each patient the following simulations were performed: (a) CF VAD to assist the left ventricle (single ventricle) + a PF VAD to assist the right ventricle (cavo-pulmonary connection) (LCF + RPF); (b) PF VAD to assist the left ventricle (single ventricle) + a CF VAD to assist the right ventricle (cavo-pulmonary connection) (RCF + LPF).
The association of APOE genotype with ND outcomes was assessed in a combined cohort of patients with single-ventricle CHD enrolled in the Single Ventricle Reconstruction and Infant Single Ventricle trials.
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genotype may identify a high-risk subgroup of single ventricle patients who fail to fully benefit from volume-unloading surgery.
The endothelin-1G5665T genotype was significantly associated with transplant-free survival for the group as a whole (P = .002), with the greatest effect in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n = 64, P = .0002) as opposed to patients with other types of single-ventricle anatomy (n = 101, P = .1).
We describe successful LMCA and branch recanalization via intra coronary infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and discuss management of acute coronary thrombosis in children with single ventricle physiology.