Disease-free centenarians had significantly lower levels of serum zonulin (<i>P</i><0.01) and lipopolysaccharide (<i>P</i><0.001) than young patients with acute myocardial infarction, and had significantly lower concentrations of serum lipopolysaccharide than young healthy controls (<i>P</i><0.05).
Haptoglobin levels have been repeatedly associated with a variety of inflammation-linked infectious and non-infectious diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, diabetes, carotid atherosclerosis, and acute myocardial infarction.