Selected microRNAs (miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-499) were measured in a cohort of 122 patients from the PRAGUE-18 study (ticagrelor vs. prasugrel in AMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI)).
Variation trend: The miRNA levels above began to increase at T0 in the AMI group, the peak levels of miR-208, miR-494 and miR-499 appeared before T12, and the peak level of miR-1303 appeared between T6 and T12, or after T12.
Studies were included if they assessed the accuracy of blood circulating microRNA-499 or cardiac troponin T (cTnT) for AMI and provided sufficient data to construct a 2 × 2 contingency table.
Non-significant miR-499 elevation was found in ESRD patients without cardiac disease compared to the control group, while highly significant elevation of miR- 499 was demonstrated in ESRD patients who developed AMI compared to other ESRD patients and the control group (> 100-fold, > 350-fold respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.001).
Following the identification of cardiac-specific microRNA miR-208a in circulation, more non-coding RNAs (miR-1, miR-499 and miR-133) have been identified as biomarkers not only for the diagnosis of AMI but also for prognosis post infarction.
In particular, miR-133a/b (5 studies), miR-208a/b (6 studies), and miR-499 (7 studies) were well studied and found to be significant diagnostic and/or prognostic markers across different cardiovascular disease progression stages. miR-1 and miR-145b are potential biomarkers of ACS; miR-1 with higher sensitivity for all acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and miR-145 for STEMI and worse outcome of AMI.