Analysis of cancer samples in different disease stages also suggests that some GPCRs, such as endothelin receptor A, may be involved in early tumor progression and others, such as CXCR4, may play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis.
These findings demonstrate the first evidence for epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 in human cancers, providing new insights into the role of CXCR4/CXCL12 interactions in tumor progression.
Moreover, xenograft tumour transplants produced by injection of CXCR4-BCC yielded significant tumour progression in nude mice, whereas additional serial injections of CXCR4-blocking peptides resulted in tumour regression.
Growing evidence has implicated chemokine receptors, especially CXCR4, which normally control immune and inflammatory cell migration, as having important roles in tumor progression.
This novel model for vGPCR-mediated oncogenesis will contribute to our understanding of the role of vGPCR in the pathogenesis of HHV-8 and may even be important in identifying critical molecular and epigenetic changes during tumor progression in vivo.
The CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway, which is involved in biological phenomena such as inflammation, lymphoid homing and regeneration, may play an important role in tumor progression and distant metastasis, especially in organ-selective metastasis.
Chemokine receptorCXCR4 is known to be crucially involved in tumor progression, but the role of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), remains unclear.
Signals mediated by CXCL12 (SDF1) and its receptor CXCR4 are centrally involved in cancer progression, both directly by activating cancer cells and indirectly by inducing angiogenesis plus recruiting T regulatory and plasmacytoid dendritic immune cells.
We monitored CXCL12-CXCR4 binding and inhibition in a mouse xenograft model of metastatic human ovarian cancer by imaging Gaussia luciferase complementation and assessed tumor progression with firefly luciferase.
Mechanisms that regulate availability of CXCL12 in tumor microenvironments will substantially impact cancer progression and ongoing efforts to target the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway for cancer chemotherapy.
These results suggest an important interaction between CXCR4 and EGFR intra-cellular pathways that may activate signals of tumor progression and may provide a valid explanation for the poor overall survival rate of patients whose co-expression of CXCR4 and EGFR is detected in tissue sections.
Nitric oxide (NO) is related to angiogenesis and tumor progression and chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) plays a central role in cell migration in metastasis and dissemination of cancer.
The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis and Wingless and INT-1 (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has been related to cancer progression.
The expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 in predicting postoperative tumour progression in stages I-II colon cancer: a retrospective study.