Manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase are coordinately expressed in the alveolar region in chronic interstitial pneumonias and granulomatous diseases of the lung.
In individuals with familial interstitial pneumonia without SFTPC mutations and patients with sporadic IPF, we also found UPR activation selectively in AECs lining areas of fibrotic remodeling.
These results demonstrate that synoviolin is involved in the onset of interstitial pneumonia induced by exon 4-deleted SP-C, which suggests that synoviolin inhibitors may be used in the treatment of the disease.
Using a candidate gene approach, we found a heterozygous exon 5 + 128 T-->A transversion of SFTPC in a large familial pulmonary fibrosis kindred, including adults with usual interstitial pneumonitis and children with cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis.
Adding to the importance of a detailed understanding of SP-C biosynthesis has been the recent association of mutations in the proSP-C sequence with chronic interstitial pneumonias in children and adults.
The relation between clinical manifestation and the mutation site of the patient may broaden the spectrum of SFTPC mutation-associated interstitial pneumonia.
Heterozygous mutations in four telomere-related genes have been linked to pulmonary fibrosis, but little is known about similarities or differences of affected individuals.115 patients with mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (n=75), telomerase RNA component (TERC) (n=7), regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) (n=14) and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) (n=19) were identified and clinical data were analysed.Approximately one-half (46%) had a multidisciplinary diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); others had unclassifiable lung fibrosis (20%), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (12%), pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (10%), interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (7%), an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (4%) and connective tissue disease-related interstitial fibrosis (3%).
Human serum Krebs von den Lugen-6 (KL-6) antigen is a MUC1 glycoprotein (KL-6/MUC1) recognized by anti-KL-6 monoclonal antibody (KL-6/mAb) and has been utilized as a diagnostic marker for interstitial pneumonia.
These findings suggest that the levels of KL-6 before and after treatment in ARS-DMIP may represent the disease activity of IP, and they may be useful as the predictor of relapse in IP in patients with ARS-DMIP.
Statin-induced IP was defined as: (1) diagnosis with IP (ICD-10 codes: J70.2-J70.4, J84.1, and J84.9) within 3 months after starting statins; (2) steroid administration starts after starting statins; (3) undergoing laboratory tests for sialylated carbohydrate antigen Krebs von den Lungen-6 or pulmonary surfactant protein-D; and (4) undergoing high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).
The prognosis may be related to the development of fibrosing interstitial pneumonia in the lower lobes with elevated levels of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6; however, there is marked variation in the pathogenesis and clinical features in PPFE.
Moreover, longitudinal changes in serum KL-6 were significantly associated with recurrence of ARS-IP and could be used to detect ARS-IP recurrence; the area under the curve was 0.79 (P = .002).The present study demonstrated that serial measurement of KL-6 is useful for monitoring disease activity and detecting recurrence of ARS-IP.
A fraction of patients with myeloma (3.9%) have elevated serum KL-6 levels without any evidence of interstitial pneumonitis and their myeloma cells have high MUC1 expression.