HAE must be distinguished from acquired angio-oedema with C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angio-oedema and the much more common histaminergic angio-oedema, occurring with or without weals.
The relations between angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and wheal responses to intradermal bradykinin were studied in 105 healthy subjects: 30 of genotype DD, 51 of genotype ID and 24 of genotype II.