In comparison with the control group, the colitis group showed significant increases in (1) micturition frequency during cystometry; (2) resiniferatoxin-induced freezing behavior (bladder pain); (3) the number of total and degranulated mast cells in the bladder; (4) the number of microglia in the L6 spinal cord, and (5) the expression of IL-1β, CCL3, and BDNF mRNA in the L6 spinal cord.