Additionally, we tried to identify a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker correlated with the degree and rate of cognitive decline in progressive MS patients.
We aimed to explore the critical structural alterations in the process of cognitive decline and its relationships with the dopaminergic deficit and the level of related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins.
The finding that amnestic MCI based on brief neuropsychological assessment is significantly associated with CSF biomarkers for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease is in accordance with longitudinal studies that find memory impairment; both in itself and especially in combination with other cognitive deficit to constitute a risk factor for subsequent cognitive decline and dementia.
All patients completed neuropsychological tests, core CSF AD biomarkers assessment (Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>, total tau, and phosphorylated tau), and follow-up for a mean of 3 years to verify cognitive decline.
Elevated baseline plasma NfL is a prognostic marker of cognitive decline and neuroimaging measures of neurodegeneration, and has similar effect sizes to baseline CSF NfL.
Taking advantage of repeated amyloid PET and CSF measures, this dynamic view offers new insight into the progression of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and their relationships with cognitive decline.
3446 individuals (1154 AD cases and 2292 controls) were included in the analyses of AD risk, 1400 individuals (cognitively normal = 747, AD = 653) in the CSF biomarker analyses, and 861 individuals in the analyses of cognitive decline.
This study indicates that Amyloid-PET and CSF biomarkers might not reflect identical clinical information and a combination of both seems to be the most accurate way to characterize clinically unclear cognitive decline.
We included 768 patients (194 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 127 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 309 Alzheimer's dementia (AD), and 138 non-AD) who were categorized as concordant-negative (n = 315, 41%), discordant (n = 97, 13%), or concordant-positive (n = 356, 46%) based on CSF and PET results.
Surgical goals for this patient included the following: 1) removal of potentially epileptogenic and dysfunctional tissue; 2) preservation of cranial nerves; 3) prevention of cognitive decline or iatrogenic deficit; 4) prevention of CSF leak; 5) reconstruction of skull base; 6) prevention of airway and swallowing compromise; and 7) cosmesis.
To investigate, if a potentially reduced CSF flow due to the giant arachnoid cyst contributed to the early manifestation of AD, we reviewed 15 case series of subjects with frontotemporal arachnoid cysts and cognitive decline.
We included 63 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (age 64 ± 8, MMSE 29 ± 1), with amyloid status (positron emission tomography [PET] scans n = 59, or Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] n = 4).
These findings confirm previous reports of low CSF Aβ42, elevated CSF total tau and reduced dopaminergic integrity being associated with cognitive decline in PD.
In an asymptomatic at-risk cohort, elevated CSF Aβ (with or without elevated tau) was associated with greater rates of cognitive decline, with the specific pattern of decline varying across cognitive measures.
The relationship of contactin-2 with cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)) and other CSF biomarkers reflecting AD pathology were analyzed.
Subanalysis of the separate diagnostic groups demonstrated significant correlations between CSF biomarkers and generalized power and synchronization already in the subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment group.
The secondary goal was to determine the neuroimaging variables from MRI, FDG PET and CSF biomarkers that can predict future cognitive decline within each group.
To investigate whether concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, reflected by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, has an impact on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in terms of clinical presentation, cognitive decline, nursing home admittance and survival.
CSF biomarkers like Amyloid beta 42, total tau and phosphorylated tau levels can be easily evaluated in individuals suffering from cognitive decline, to diagnose or exclude AD type dementia, since early stages.