Among the patients with SAP, platelet-bound-SDF-1 is increased in patients with paroxysmal AF compared with SR or to persistent/permanent AF (P < 0.05 for both).
We found miRNA-150 levels to be reduced by a factor of approximately 17 in PAF relative to controls and a factor of approximately 20 in PersAF relative to controls (P<.0001).
The TGF-β1, Smad3 and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels in patients with AF were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significantly different between the paroxysmal AF group and the persistent AF group (P>0.05).
We functionally analyzed a frameshift mutation in the SCN5A gene encoding cardiac Na(+) channels (Nav1.5) found in a proband with repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation who presented bradycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Since the proband developed paroxysmal AF at a young age, we screened 17 polymorphisms associated with AF risk in this family and showed that the proband carries at-risk polymorphisms upstream of PITX2, a gene widely associated with AF development.
Recent studies have shown that the level of RyR2 protein is elevated in atria of patients with paroxysmal AF, suggesting that microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of RyR2 might be an underlying mechanism.
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the levels of mature miR-106b, miR-93, and miR-25 were lower in atria of patients with paroxysmal AF when compared with patients in sinus rhythm.
These results suggest that miR-106b-25 cluster-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of RyR2 is a potential molecular mechanism involved in paroxysmal AF pathogenesis.
Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the left atrium of patients with nonvalvular paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Role of miR-146b-5p in atrial fibrosis.
Using qRT-PCR and 3'UTR luciferase reporter assays, the interaction between upregulation of miR-199a-5p and downregulation of FKBP5 was confirmed in samples from pAF patients.
Previous genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in T‑box (TBX)5 are associated with increased susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF), and a recent study has causally linked a TBX5 mutation to atypical Holt-Oram syndrome and paroxysmal AF.
In subgroup studies, patients with permanent atrial fibrillation had higher serum chemerin concentrations than those with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.