Interestingly, blockade of secreted Hp significantly reversed the (ET) state, confirmed by a significant rise in TNFα expression in both ex vivo and in vitro ET models, indicating a possible feedback inhibition by Hp on inflammatory mediators like TNFα.
Analysis of covariance showed a significant effect of HP phenotype in Hp circulating levels at the end of race and on the magnitude of variation from pre- to postrace.
The Hp allele frequencies were calculated from the data of Hp phenotypes, and overall association with PROM was evaluated using Pearson Chi-Square test.
Patients without immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers of EBV were compared according to Hp phenotypes (Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, Hp 2-2; determined by starch gel electrophoresis) in 208 individuals against 918 healthy subjects with unknown EBV status.
Because vitamin C is a first line antioxidant, Hp polymorphism and its effects on vitamin C have major clinical consequences; a marked difference in genetic susceptibility toward atherosclerosis between Hp phenotypes is attributable to variation in LDL oxidation.
The Hp 1-1 phenotype was present in 28% of preeclamptic patients vs. 16% of the controls, with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 2.08 (1.05-4.08) for Hp 1-1 vs. the other Hp phenotypes.
Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes were studied in 72 oesophageal and 104 gastric cancer patients and compared with 100 healthy controls to see if there is any association between oesophageal and gastric cancer and haptoglobin type.