Canine IVDH was significantly associated with a higher gene expression of IL-6 (H > C, NH > C) and TNF-α (H > C, NH > C, NA > C) and a significant down-regulation of IL-1β (H < C).
: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced by cervical and lumbar herniated discs and is associated with neurological symptoms of intervertebral disc degeneration.