The algorithm includes baseline clinical and cognitive assessment, blood examination, and magnetic resonance imaging with exclusionary and inclusionary roles; dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (if no/unclear parkinsonism) or metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac scintigraphy for suspected dementia with Lewy bodies with clear parkinsonism (round VII, votes (yes-no-abstained): 3-1-1); <sup>18</sup> F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for suspected frontotemporal lobar degeneration and low diagnostic confidence of Alzheimer's disease (round VII, 4-0-1); cerebrospinal fluid for suspected Alzheimer's disease (round IV, 4-1-0); and amyloid positron emission tomography if cerebrospinal fluid was not possible/accepted (round V, 4-1-0) or inconclusive (round VI, 5-0-0).
The objective of this study was to report long-lasting effects of bupropion on brain dopamine transporter (DAT) in a patient with depression and parkinsonism.
Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging such as <sup>123</sup>I-ioflupane (<sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT) SPECT is a useful tool for the diagnosis of parkinsonism and dementia.
Studies using the clinical diagnosis of a movement disorders specialist over the course of the disease as a reference have shown that DAT- SPECT is 78-100% sensitive (median, 93%) and 70-100% specific (median, 89%) for the differentiation of neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes from symptomatic parkinsonism and other differential diagnoses in clinically unclear cases.
Recent developments in diagnosis, such as the use of dopamine transporter imaging for drug-induced parkinsonism, and treatment, with the approval of valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, the first drugs indicated for tardive syndromes, have improved outcomes for many patients with drug-induced movement disorders.
Dopamine transporter (DAT) single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) with (123)Ioflupane is a widely used diagnostic tool for patients with suspected parkinsonian syndromes, as it assists with differentiating between Parkinson's disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonisms and conditions without a presynaptic dopaminergic deficit such as essential tremor, vascular and drug-induced parkinsonisms.
Present data suggest that A. blazei extract plays a crucial role in regulation of proteins expression such as DAT and VMAT2 and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic in Parkinsonism.
NMSs and their correlations with striatal DAT binding were investigated in PD patients and in parkinsonism/tremor patients with normal dopamine function.
The DAT availability in other striatal subregions, including the posterior putamen, did not differ between the ADCI with parkinsonism and healthy control groups.
This information can be used as a factor when the clinical need of auxiliary investigations, such as DAT SPECT, is considered for patients with parkinsonism.
Concurrent impairment of Corsi span and semantic verbal fluency, or of temporal lobe hypometabolism at baseline and reduced putamen-to-caudate ratio on DAT-SPECT at parkinsonism onset, both predicted (p < 0.001) the evolution to dementia.
Patients with CO intoxication were demonstrated to exhibit white matter (WM) injuries, changes in substantia nigra, dopamine transporter dysfunctions of striatum and Parkinsonism symptoms.
Tc-TRODAT-1, as a tropane-derived compound with highly selective binding to the dopamine transporter, has been extensively used as an in vivo biomarker to evaluate parkinsonism.
For these reasons, DAT SPECT has been also used as a tool to study genetic conditions that are associated with parkinsonism in order to examine the degree and patterns of dopaminergic deficits that are present in at risk subjects and in affected patients carrying the mutations.
Neurologists who request DAT SPECT scans are not always aware that the high accuracy is limited only to the differentiation between neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative parkinsonism.
We sought to assess the machine learning-based combined diagnostic accuracy of three types of quantitative indices obtained using dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT SPECT)-specific binding ratio (SBR), putamen-to-caudate ratio (PCR)/fractal dimension (FD), and asymmetry index (AI)-for parkinsonian syndrome (PS).
PET with FE-PE2I revealed significant differences between patients with a clinical de novo diagnosis of PS and healthy controls in striatal DAT availability (p < 0.001), with excellent accuracy of predicting dopaminergic deficit in early-stage PS.
Scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) is a radiological nomenclature which refers to patients with a normal dopamine transporter scan presumed to have parkinsonism.