We assessed the predictive ability of circulating biomarkers involved in collagen synthesis (procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide [PINP], and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide [PIIINP], collagen degradation (c-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I [CTx] and mediators of cardiac fibrosis (Galectin-3 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 protein or sST2) as prognosis markers in 182 subjects with chronic heart failure (HF).
Because of the pivotal role of gal-3 in the modulation of immune system, wound repair, fibrosis and tumorigenesis, it is not surprising that gal-3 can be an intriguing prognostic biomarker as well as a promising therapeutic target in a great variety of diseases, including chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure and cardio-renal syndrome.