For the standing assessments of kyphosis only, after adjusting for age, sex, weight and hip BMD, persons with lower TLM were more likely to be hyperkyphotic.
These mice show many pathologic and phenotypic signs typical of DMD in humans including kyphosis and shorter life span, all of which are not seen in the mdx mice due to their utrophin upregulation that partially compensates the loss of dystrophin functions and leads to mild phenotypes.